Sweetness Taste Preference Levels and Their Relationship to the Nutritional and Dental Caries Patterns among Brazilian Preschool Children

Objective: To evaluate the sweetness taste preference levels and their relationship with the nutritional and dental caries patterns among preschool children. Material and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 191 children aged 4 to 5 years, who were regularly attending public Child Education Centers of a city southern Brazil. Children's preference for sugar was evaluated by the Sweet Preference Inventory; caries prevalence, according to the World Health Organization criteria, and nutritional status, by anthropometric weight and stature measurements, in accordance with child growth standards of the World Health Organization. Results: High levels of sweetness preference were identified. The majority of children (67.5%) opted for the most concentrated sucrose solutions. Excess weight was recorded in 27.7% of the preschoolers. The prevalence of caries was 51.8%, with the mean dmf-t equal to 1.92 (± 2.72) and the decayed (c) component responsible for 94.2% of the index. No significant association between sweetness preference and the nutritional or the oral health patterns could be established. In addition, no association between excess weight and dental caries was identified. The diseases studied were only associated with sociodemographic variables. Excess weight was associated with maternal age (p=0.004) and caries experience with family income (p=0.013). Conclusion: No significant associations could be stablished between the sweetness taste preference and the diseases studied, nor between excess weight and dental caries. However, the findings of high patterns of sweet preference, excess weight and untreated caries experience, highlight the need for the implementation of integrated public policies aimed at controlling both nutritional and of oral health problems in the studied population.

Oral health promotion in patients with morbid obesity after gastroplasty: a randomized clinical trial / Promoção de saúde bucal em pacientes com obesidade mórbida após gastroplastia: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Background: The bariatric surgery may have negative repercussions on oral conditions. Aim: To evaluate the impact of oral health educational/preventive program developed with patients submitted to gastroplasties. Method: The sample consisted of 109 patients randomly allocated to two groups: intervention group (IG), where they participated in the oral health promotion program that include multiple educational-preventive approaches; control group (CG), where they received usual care from the bariatric clinic staff, without participation in the program. The oral conditions investigated in the pre-operative and postoperative periods of one month (1M) and six months (6M) were: dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth wear, dental plaque and salivary flow. Results: After bariatric surgery, patients in IG presented: fewer changes in enamel (6M: p=0.004), dentin (6M: p=0.005) and gingival bleeding (6M: p<0.0001), reduction in plaque index (1M, 6M: p<0.0001) and increased salivary flow (6M: p=0.039), when compared with CG. Incipient tooth wear was recorded in both groups (6M: p=0.713). Conclusion: There was a positive impact of the implemented program in the prevention of the main oral health problems in patients who underwent gastroplasties, contributing to their quality of life.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica pode repercutir negativamente nas condições bucais. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa educativo/preventivo em saúde bucal desenvolvido em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 109 pacientes aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção (GI), onde participaram do programa de promoção de saúde bucal com abordagens educativo-preventivas; grupo controle (GC), onde receberam cuidado da equipe da clínica, sem participação no programa. As condições bucais investigadas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório de um mês (1M) e seis meses (6M) foram: cárie dentária, doença periodontal, desgaste dentário, placa dentária e fluxo salivar. Resultados: Após a gastroplastia, pacientes do GI apresentaram: menor alteração em esmalte (6M: p=0,004), dentina (6M: p=0,005) e sangramento gengival (6M: p<0,0001); redução no índice de placa (1M, 6M: p<0,0001) e aumento do fluxo salivar (6M: p=0,039), quando comparados aos do GC. Desgaste dentário incipiente foi registrado em ambos os grupos (6M: p=0,713). Conclusão: Houve impacto positivo do programa implementado na prevenção dos principais problemas de saúde bucal em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia, contribuindo para sua qualidade de vida.

Pré-natal: preparo para o parto na atenção primária à saúde no sul do Brasil / Atención prenatal: preparación para el parto en la atención primaria a la salud en el sur de Brasil / Prenatal care: preparation for childbirth in primary healthcare in the south of Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre assistência pré-natal e orientações para o parto na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal com 358 puérperas de maternidade pública do sul do Brasil. Coleta de dados realizada de julho a outubro de 2013, com transcrição de dados do cartão de pré-natal e entrevista estruturada. Dados analizados pelo Teste Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados O pré-natal teve alta cobertura (85,5%) e início precoce em 71,8% das mulheres, porém 52% destas não receberam orientação para o parto. Houve associação estatística entre o recebimento de orientação para o parto e menor número de consultas (p=0,028), maior intervalo entre a última consulta pré-natal e o parto (p=0,002) e classificação do cuidado pré-natal como intermediário e inadequado (p=0,024). Conclusões Apesar da oferta ideal do número de consultas, a qualidade do cuidado foi classificada como intermediária ou inadequada e evidenciou-se acesso precário a orientações para o parto durante o pré-natal.

RESUMEN Objectivo Evaluar la relación entre asistencia prenatal y orientaciones para el parto en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Métodos Estudio transversal con 358 puérperas de maternidad pública del sur de Brasil. Recolección de datos realizada de julio a octubre de 2013, con transcripción de datos de la tarjeta de prenatal y entrevista estructurada. Datos analizados por el test Chi--cuadrado (p<0,05). Resultados El prenatal tuvo alta cobertura (85,5%) e inicio precoz en 71,8% de las mujeres, pero el 52% de ellas no recibieron orientación para el parto. Se observó una asociación estadística entre la recepción de orientación para el parto y el menor número de consultas (p = 0,028), mayor intervalo entre la última consulta prenatal y el parto (p=0,002) y clasificación del cuidado prenatal como intermediario e inadecuado (p=0,024). Conclusiones A pesar de la oferta ideal del número de consultas, la calidad del cuidado fue clasificada como intermediaria o inadecuada y se evidenció acceso precario a orientaciones para el parto durante el prenatal.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the relationship between prenatal care and delivery guidelines In Primary Health Care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with 358 puerperal women of a public maternity from the south of Brazil. The data collection was performed from July to October of 2013, with prenatal card data transcription and a structured interview. The data has been analyzed through the use of the Chi-square test (p≤0.05). Results The prenatal care had a high coverage (85,5%) and early start by 71,8% of the women, however, 52% of them did not receive orientation for the childbirth. There was a statistical association between receiving orientation for the childbirth and fewer visits (p=0.028), longer interval between the last prenatal visit and the childbirth (p=0.002), and the classification of the prenatal care as intermediate and inadequate (p=0.024). Conclusions Despite of the ideal number of visits, the quality of care has been classified as intermediate or inadequate, besides that, precarious access to the orientation for the childbirth during the prenatal care has been evidenced.